The Wind Waker HD: Treasure Charts 42, 43, 44, 45 and 46

I've been following LightninZombie's stream, who 100%ed the game except for the figurines. Finding all of the new Treasure Charts was quite tricky... but this is where you can find the new treasure charts:

Treasure Chart #42:
You can win this from the pig game at Windfall.
Price: 100 Rupees at Gale Island

Treasure Chart #43:
You get this one on the platform near Horseshoe Island. It replaces a Skull Necklace.
Price: 100 Rupees at Outset Island

Treasure Chart #44:
You get this one on the platform near Star Belt Archipelago. It replaces a red Rupee.
Price: 100 Rupees at Southern Triangle Island

Treasure Chart #45:
You get this from Madam Marie for giving her 40 Joy Pendants. It replaces the Hero's Charm (can be now found in the Savage Labyrinth) and leads to 200 Rupees at Seven-Star Isle

Treasure Chart #46:
You get this in the second secret cave on Pawprint Island, where you need to use the Hookshot and defeat a series of summoning Wizzrobes. It previously held 200 Rupees. The chart leads to a Piece of Heart at Two-Eye Reef. The Piece of Heart is the one, which you previously got at the Savage Labyrinth.

I also noticed that the Magic Armor now actually consumes Rupees like in Twilight Princess and not magic. But not all the time, only if you get hit. However, the hits consume tons of Rupees, so you will lose all your money pretty quickly if you keep getting hit. But I guess it's a good use for all the Rupees that you save and win from the shortened Triforce quest, the new Treasure Charts and the Tingle Statues.